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} |} USS ''New York'' (BB-34) was a United States Navy battleship, the lead ship of her class. Named for New York State, she was designed as the first ship to carry the 14-inch/45-caliber (356 mm) gun. Entering service in 1914, she was part of the U.S. Navy force which was sent to reinforce the British Grand Fleet in the North Sea near the end of World War I. During that time, she was involved in at least two incidents with German U-Boats, and is believed to have been the only U.S. ship to have sunk one in the war, during an accidental collision in October 1918. Following the war, she was sent on a litany of training exercises and cruises in both the Atlantic and the Pacific, and saw several overhauls to increase her armament. She entered the Neutrality Patrol at the beginning of World War II, and served as a convoy escort for ships to Iceland and Great Britain in the early phase of the war. She saw her first combat against coastal artillery during Operation Torch around Casablanca in North Africa, and later became a training ship. Late in the war, she moved to the Pacific, and provided naval gunfire support for the invasion of Iwo Jima and later the invasion of Okinawa. Returning to Pearl Harbor for repairs until the end of the war, she was determined to be obsolete and was chosen to take part in the Operation Crossroads nuclear weapon tests at Bikini Atoll in 1946. She survived both explosions and the effects of radiation on the ship were studied for several years. She was eventually sunk as a target in 1948. She received three battle stars for her service. ==Design and construction== (詳細は''New York''-class battleships, though construction on her began after her sister, . She was ordered in fiscal year 1911 as the first class of battleship in the United States Navy to carry the 14-inch /45-caliber (356 mm) gun. She had a standard displacement of and a full-load displacement of . She was in length overall, at the waterline, and had a beam of and a draft of . She was powered by 14 Babcock and Wilcox boilers driving two dual-acting triple expansion reciprocating steam engines, with 28,100 indicated horsepower, with a maximum speed of . She had a range of at . Armor on ''New York'' consisted of a belt from to thick. Her lower casemate had between and of armor, and her upper casemate had of armor. Deck armor was thick, and turret armor was on the face, on the top, on the sides, and on the rear. Armor on her barbettes was between and . Her conning tower was protected by of armor, with of armor on its top. Her armament consisted of ten 14"/45-caliber guns, arrayed in five double mounts designated A, B, Q, X, and Y. As constructed, these turrets had an elevation of 15 degrees, but this was increased to 30 degrees during an overhaul in 1940–41. The class was the last to feature a 'Q' turret mounted amidships. As built, she also carried twenty-one 5-inch 51-cal (127 mm) guns, primarily for defense against destroyers and torpedo boats. The 5-inch guns were poor in accuracy in rough seas due to the open casemates mounted in the hull, so the 5-inch armament was reduced to 16 guns in 1918 by removal of the least useful positions near the ends of the ship. The ship was not designed with antiaircraft (AA) defense in mind, but two 3"/50-cal (76 mm) AA guns were added in 1918. She also had four 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes for the Bliss-Leavitt Mark 3 torpedo. The torpedo rooms held 12 torpedoes total, plus 12 naval mines. Her crew consisted of 1,042 officers and enlisted men. ''New York'' was laid down on 11 September 1911 in New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn. The ''New York'' class was constructed under new labor laws that limited the working hours of her construction crews. It was also stipulated that each ship cost less than $6,000,000, excluding cost of armor and armament. She was launched on 30 October 1912 and commissioned on 15 May 1914. The fifth ship to be named for New York State, she was sponsored by Elsie Calder, the daughter of New York politician William M. Calder. The fourth , an armored cruiser, was later renamed USS ''Rochester'', and was scuttled in Subic Bay in 1941. However, the wreck site for that ship, which has become a popular recreational dive site, is still commonly referred to as USS ''New York''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS New York (BB-34)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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